AIM Text
Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS), Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), Weather Systems Processor (WSP), and Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) display information on hazardous wind shear and microburst activity in the vicinity of an airport to air traffic controllers who relay this information to pilots.
- LLWAS provides wind shear alert and gust front information but does not provide microburst alerts. The LLWAS is designed to detect low level wind shear conditions around the periphery of an airport. It does not detect wind shear beyond that limitation. Controllers will provide this information to pilots by giving the pilot the airport wind followed by the boundary wind.
- LLWAS “network expansion,” (LLWAS NE) and LLWAS Relocation/Sustainment (LLWAS-RS) are systems integrated with TDWR. These systems provide the capability of detecting microburst alerts and wind shear alerts. Controllers will issue the appropriate wind shear alerts or microburst alerts. In some of these systems controllers also have the ability to issue wind information oriented to the threshold or departure end of the runway.
- More advanced systems are in the field or being developed such as ITWS. ITWS provides alerts for microbursts, wind shear, and significant thunderstorm activity. ITWS displays wind information oriented to the threshold or departure end of the runway.
- The WSP provides weather processor enhancements to selected Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)-9 facilities. The WSP provides Air Traffic with detection and alerting of hazardous weather such as wind shear, microbursts, and significant thunderstorm activity. The WSP displays terminal area 6 level weather, storm cell locations and movement, as well as the location and predicted future position and intensity of wind shifts that may affect airport operations. Controllers will receive and issue alerts based on Areas Noted for Attention (ARENA). An ARENA extends on the runway center line from a 3 mile final to the runway to a 2 mile departure.
- An airport equipped with the LLWAS, ITWS, or WSP is so indicated in the Chart Supplement under Weather Data Sources for that particular airport.
Source: FAA Aeronautical Information Manual · current edition · paragraph 4-3-7.
The short answer
This AIM section is FAA advisory guidance describing the ground-based systems that detect hazardous wind shear and microbursts near airports: LLWAS, TDWR, WSP, and ITWS. Controllers relay these alerts to pilots. It supports situational awareness for wind shear avoidance under 14 CFR 91.3 pilot responsibility.
Research Notes
Common Questions
What is the difference between LLWAS and TDWR or ITWS?
Per the AIM, the basic LLWAS provides wind shear alert and gust front information but does not provide microburst alerts, and detects low level wind shear only around the periphery of an airport. Integrated systems—LLWAS NE, LLWAS-RS, TDWR, ITWS, and WSP—can detect microburst alerts in addition to wind shear, and ITWS and WSP also alert for significant thunderstorm activity.
How does a controller phrase a basic LLWAS wind shear alert?
The AIM example gives the airport wind followed by the boundary wind: “Wind shear alert, airport wind 230 at 8, south boundary wind 170 at 20.” For integrated systems with microburst capability, a controller may issue a runway-oriented alert such as “Runway 17 arrival microburst alert, 40 knot loss 3 mile final.”
What area does the WSP ARENA cover?
The Weather Systems Processor issues alerts based on Areas Noted for Attention (ARENA). Per the AIM, an ARENA extends on the runway center line from a 3 mile final to the runway out to a 2 mile departure. The WSP adds weather processor enhancements to selected ASR-9 facilities and displays 6-level terminal weather, storm cell locations and movement, and predicted wind shifts.