AIM Text
A pilot conducting any type of flight operation in the Washington, DC, SFRA/FRZ must comply with the requirements in:
- 14 CFR section 93.339, Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Special Flight Rules Area including the FRZ.
- 14 CFR section 91.161, Special Awareness Training for the DC SFRA/FRZ, also located on the FAA website at https://www.faasafety.gov/.
- Any 14 CFR section 99.7 special security instructions for the DC SFRA/FRZ published via NOTAM by FAA in the interest of national security.
Source: FAA Aeronautical Information Manual · current edition · paragraph 3-5-8.
Research Notes
AIM 3-5-8 covers Volcanic Ash — airspace warnings related to volcanic eruptions.
Volcanic ash advisories:
- SIGMET-VA (Volcanic Ash) issued by Meteorological Watch Office
- Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) provide forecasts
- NOTAMs may close affected airspace
Why avoidance matters: Engine flameout, windshield abrasion, sensor blockage. Multiple historical incidents (BA 9, KLM 867).
Operational response: Avoid ash plumes. Use SIGMET data. Stay upwind of known active volcanoes. If ash encountered, escape route to clear air.