Title 14 CFR Part 91 — General Operating and Flight Rules
Subparts in Part 91
General
Applicability, definitions, and PIC responsibility — including § 91.3 (PIC authority) and § 91.13 (careless or reckless operation).
Flight Rules
The day-to-day operating rules — preflight (§ 91.103), right-of-way (§ 91.113), VFR weather minimums (§ 91.155), and IFR procedures.
Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements
What equipment must be on the aircraft — ATOMATOFLAMES (§ 91.205), ELT (§ 91.207), transponder (§ 91.215), ADS-B (§ 91.225).
Special Flight Operations
Aerobatic flight, parachute operations, towing, restricted-category aircraft, ultralights, and other non-standard operations.
Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations
Owner/operator responsibility for inspections, who can perform maintenance, return-to-service requirements.
Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft
Operating rules specific to larger aircraft — operations manuals, training, flight attendants, weather minimums.
Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft
Equipment + operating reqs above and beyond Subparts C and F for the largest aircraft categories.
Foreign Aircraft Operations and Operations of US-Registered Civil Aircraft Outside of the United States
International operations, foreign-registered aircraft operating in US, and US aircraft operating abroad.
Operating Noise Limits
Stage 2, 3, 4 noise limits + the historic stage-2 phase-out for subsonic civil airplanes.
Waivers
When and how the FAA grants waivers from Part 91 rules.
Fractional Ownership Operations
Specific operating rules for fractional-ownership-program aircraft management.
Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements
Mandatory airworthiness-related actions for certain aircraft on a continuing basis.
Special Federal Aviation Regulations (SFARs)
Time-limited or aircraft-specific rules layered over Part 91 — periodically updated.
Mitsubishi MU-2B Series Special Training, Experience, and Operating Requirements
Type-specific operating rules for the MU-2B — one of the few aircraft with its own subpart.
Recently Updated Sections
- § 91.609 Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders. Updated May 8, 2026
- § 91.417 Maintenance records. Updated Oct 22, 2025
- § 91.309 Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultralight vehicles. Updated Oct 22, 2025
- § 91.319 Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitations. Updated Oct 22, 2025
- § 91.409 Inspections. Updated Oct 22, 2025