AIM Text
- Should it become necessary to dump fuel, the pilot should immediately advise ATC. Upon receipt of information that an aircraft will dump fuel, ATC will broadcast or cause to be broadcast immediately and every 3 minutes thereafter the following on appropriate ATC and FSS radio frequencies:
- Upon receipt of such a broadcast, pilots of aircraft affected, which are not on IFR flight plans or special VFR clearances, should clear the area specified in the advisory. Aircraft on IFR flight plans or special VFR clearances will be provided specific separation by ATC. At the termination of the fuel dumping operation, pilots should advise ATC. Upon receipt of such information, ATC will issue, on the appropriate frequencies, the following:
Source: FAA Aeronautical Information Manual · current edition · paragraph 6-3-5.
Research Notes
AIM 6-3-5 covers Body Signals — visual signals used to communicate with overflying SAR aircraft.
Standard ground-to-air signals:
- V — "require assistance"
- X — "require medical assistance"
- N — "no, negative response"
- Y — "yes, affirmative response"
- → arrow — "proceeding in this direction"
How to make signals: Use materials available — branches, stones, snow, fabric. Lines should be 8-12 feet long for visibility from overhead aircraft. Contrast against background (dark on snow, light on dirt).
Body signals (close range): Hands above head = "need help." Hands to sides = "OK." Use clear, large gestures.
Reference: AIM 6-3-5; AFRCC SAR procedures.