Regulation Text
(a) Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences training for pilots must include flight and practice in each of the maneuvers and procedures contained in each of the curriculums that are a part of the approved training program.
(b) The maneuvers and procedures required by paragraph (a) of this section must be performed in flight, except to the extent that certain maneuvers and procedures may be performed in an aircraft simulator, or an appropriate training device, as allowed by this subpart.
(c) If the program manager's approved training program includes a course of training using an aircraft simulator or other training device, each pilot must successfully complete—
(1) Training and practice in the simulator or training device in at least the maneuvers and procedures in this subpart that are capable of being performed in the aircraft simulator or training device; and
(2) A flight check in the aircraft or a check in the simulator or training device to the level of proficiency of a pilot in command or second in command, as applicable, in at least the maneuvers and procedures that are capable of being performed in an aircraft simulator or training device.
Research Notes
Section 91.1103 — Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training — specifies the flight training content.
Flight training elements:
- Normal procedures (takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing)
- Abnormal procedures (system malfunctions requiring non-emergency actions)
- Emergency procedures (engine fire, depressurization, electrical failure)
- Steep turns and stall recovery
- Approaches to minimums (ILS, RNAV, VOR, NDB, circling)
- Missed approach
- Single-engine approach and landing
- Crosswind takeoff and landing
Reference: FAA Order 8900.1 Volume 4 Chapter 11; FAA-H-8083-3C.
Amendment History
Amendment History Coming Soon
Every time this regulation changes, we'll record it here — the date, what was amended, and a plain-English summary of what shifted.